THC vs CBD: What’s the Difference?
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol) are two well-known cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. While they share a similar chemical origin, they differ significantly in how they interact with the human body, how they are regulated, and how they are discussed within legal and scientific contexts.
This article provides a neutral, educational comparison of THC and CBD, without making medical or usage claims.
Understanding THC and CBD
Both THC and CBD are classified as phytocannabinoids, meaning they are cannabinoids that originate from plants. Despite their structural similarities, small differences in their chemical makeup result in very different interactions with the body.
Interaction With the Endocannabinoid System (ECS)
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a biological signalling system involved in maintaining internal balance within the body.
THC and CB1 Receptors
THC has a strong affinity for CB1 receptors, which are primarily found in the brain and central nervous system. When THC binds to these receptors, it activates them, which explains its psychoactive properties.
CBD and Receptor Modulation
CBD does not bind strongly to CB1 or CB2 receptors. Instead, it is understood to influence the ECS more indirectly by interacting with enzymes and other receptor systems. This difference in interaction is one of the main reasons CBD does not produce intoxicating effects.
Psychoactivity: A Key Difference
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THC is considered psychoactive and is associated with altered perception and cognition.
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CBD is non-intoxicating and does not produce a “high.”
This distinction plays a central role in how these cannabinoids are regulated and marketed.
Chemical Similarity, Functional Differences
Although THC and CBD have similar molecular formulas, subtle structural differences affect:
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Which receptors they interact with
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How strongly they bind
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How they are processed by the body
These differences help explain why cannabinoids with similar origins can have very different effects and legal classifications.
Legal and Regulatory Context (Malta & EU)
CBD
CBD products derived from approved hemp sources are legal in Malta when they comply with EU and local regulations, including:
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Permitted THC thresholds
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Food supplement or cosmetic regulations
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Labelling and marketing restrictions
CBD products must not make medical or disease-related claims.
THC
THC is a controlled substance under Maltese law. Access is restricted to:
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Medical cannabis pathways under professional supervision
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Regulated cannabis harm-reduction frameworks overseen by ARUC
THC products are not available for general retail sale.
THC, CBD, and Product Classification
It is important to distinguish between:
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Scientific discussion of cannabinoids, and
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Commercial products containing cannabinoids
Legal status depends not only on the cannabinoid itself, but also on:
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Product format
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Intended use
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Claims made
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Distribution channel
Ongoing Research and Public Understanding
Both THC and CBD continue to be studied within scientific research. However, research findings should not be interpreted as consumer guidance or medical advice.
Consumers should rely on qualified professionals for healthcare decisions and on official regulatory guidance for legal matters.
Final Thoughts
THC and CBD are chemically related but functionally distinct cannabinoids. Their differences in psychoactivity, regulatory status, and interaction with the endocannabinoid system explain why they are treated very differently under Maltese and EU law.
Understanding these distinctions helps consumers navigate information responsibly while remaining compliant with legal and regulatory frameworks.
Educational Disclaimer
This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical or legal advice. Cannabis Clinics Malta does not promote illegal substances or make medical claims regarding cannabinoids.
